Genealogy Education ~ Researching Civil War Ancestors in South Carolina

This past week I had the opportunity to attend a workshop at the South Carolina Department of Archives and History (SCDAH). The workshop, "Sources for Researching Your Civil War Ancestors"¹ was presented by Mr. Wade Dorsey, an archivist at SCDAH. 

Brief History of The Archives & History Center

In 1891, the South Carolina General Assembly established the Public Records Commission of South Carolina. In 1905, the name was changed to the South Carolina Historical Commission. The first paid employee of the South Carolina Historical Commission was Alexander Salley. Later, the South Carolina Historical Commission would become the South Carolina Department of Archives and History.

You may recognize the name, Alexander Salley, he is a well known author in the genealogical community. One of his jobs was to provide proof of Confederate Service to surviving veterans and their widows for pension applications. This was free to the soldiers and their widows. 

Today, that service is still provided for free. If you provide the name, unit, regiment and company of your ancestor SCDAH will search their records and provide an abstract of your Civil War ancestor on official letterhead. Included with that is the information to purchase copies of the records they used to write their abstract.

It should be noted that SCDAH does have subscriptions to Ancestry.com and Fold3.com.

Civil War Resources Available at SCDAH

Union Records

You will not find many records for Union soldiers at SCDAH, however you will find "Compiled Military Service Records of Volunteer Union Soldiers" who served with the United States Colored Troops. These records are on microfilm from the National Archives for the "1st S.C. Volunteers (Colored)" and the  "1st US Colored Infantry, Co. A 1st Colored Infantry (one year)". These records are arranged alphabetically. You will also find these records at Fold3. 

The next record set for Union soldiers would be the veterans and widows pension records. The US Troops were paid by the US Government. You can find the pension record index at Ancestry. You can also find both the index cards and pension applications for these records at Fold3. 

Using the information provided in the workshop I found the following pension record for
Patsy Brooks². Patsy's husband, Allen Brooks served in the 35th Regiment of the US Colored Troops. Her application packet has more than 200 pages! Her pension application is below.

Image from https://www.fold3.com

Another record set you may find Union soldiers on is the 1890 Census. Yes, I know the 1890 Census was destroyed in a fire but there is a surviving list available for Union Veterans who were living SC at the time of the 1890 Veterans Schedule. The SCDAH has these records on microfilm and a printed index. You can also find these records at Ancestry.

There is one last set of records that you may find Union soldiers in and those are the 1910 and 1930 census records. I have to admit I didn't know this! I knew about the 1840 Census which tracked veterans of the Revolutionary War. I can't help but wonder if veterans from WW 1, WW 2, Korea, Vietnam, Iraq and Afghanistan have been included in more recent census records. Known of my Confederate veterans survived to be in these census records so I don't know if their records are marked or not.

In the 1910 Census, you will find the question for veterans of the Civil War in box 30 and if the answer was yes it was denoted with a check mark and the initials UA. Here is the
1910³ census for my children's 2nd cousin, four times removed, Calvin C. Kitts showing the designation. I wish it was larger but I have the entries for Calvin.

Image from https://www.familysearch.org

And here is Calvin's 1930⁴ Census record.

 Image from https://www.familysearch.org

Confederate Records

The Department of Archives and History maintains many various record series that can help you identify your ancestor who served in the Civil War from the state South Carolina. Many of them can be found at Fold3, however there are some that can only be found at SCDAH.

The most important records you will find at SCDAH are the "Compiled Service Records" of South Carolina soldiers who served in the Civil War. These records are available for South Carolina units and include a index that is Confederacy wide. These records are arranged by branch of service. In order for SCDAH to assist you in your search you will need to know which branch of service your ancestor served in (Artillery, Cavalry or Infantry). There is a printed index of South Carolina troops in the Reference Room at SCDAH.

These compiled service records can include the following information: muster rolls which were taken every two months, promotions/demotions, branch of service, rank, unit, date/place of enlistment, who enlisted them and for how long. You may also find surrender and parole information, captures, prisoner of war information, what POW camp they were taken to, desertions, wounds, hospital rolls and death information. These are the primary records used to prove that your ancestor served in the Civil War.

The SCDAH also has "Compiled Service Records of General and Staff Officers and Nonregimental Enlisted Men" on microfilm from the National Archives. This series is done alphabetically and does not have an index. These compiled service records are for General Officers like General Wade Hampton and also includes Surgeons, Ordnance Officers and Quartermasters among others. These men usually did not fit into the typical regimental structure. These records are also available on Fold3.

Also on microfilm are records that pertain to the Navy and Marine Corps personnel. Like the Army you will find service cards, hospital and prison records and are arranged alphabetically.

Memory Rolls

The official name of these records is "Roll of South Carolina Volunteers in the Confederate States Provisional Army" however, they are commonly referred to as "Memory Rolls". The "Memory Rolls" were created by the Office of the Confederate Historian. The "Memory Rolls" were an attempt by South Carolina to recreate a list of Confederate serviceman after Federal troops captured all official records of the Confederate military. These rolls were compiled using questionnaires that were sent to surviving soldier (most often officers). Roll were also taken at  Survivor's Association meetings. 

This is a series of five oversized folio volumes which are arranged in the following order: branch of service, unit and company. In this record series you may find information on soldiers who do not have a compiled service record. The fifth volume in this series is about servicemen from the militia, state troops and other miscellaneous units. This volume is not indexed. However the men who don't have compiled service records in this volume have been added to the Confederate Abstract database at SCDAH and can be checked by the Archives staff.

The Roll of Honor and The Roll of the Dead

"The Roll of Honor and The Roll of the Dead" are another series that was created by the Confederate Historian office. It is a compilation of South Carolina deceased servicemen who were either killed and/or died while serving the Civil War. Both rolls were started during the war and were completed in the 1870's. While they contain the names of the dead they are not complete. In these rolls you may find the following information: name, age, rank, company, regiment, home district, date and place of death and cause of death.

A more complete listing of South Carolinians who died in the Civil War is the book, "Broken Fortunes" by Randolph Kirkland. Another good resource is a multi-volume series by Herbert "Bing" Chambers is "And Were the Glory of Their Times". The Archives has both of these available in the Reference Room. It should be noted that they currently only have volume one of Mr. Chambers series.

Pension Records

In 1887, South Carolina enacted a law to provide Confederate pensions to veterans and their widows. The first payments were made in 1888. There are very few pension applications that exist prior to 1919 however a list is available at the Archives. In 1919, the state required all veterans and widows receiving benefits to fill out new applications. You can find these applications at SCDAH by county with the exception of Williamsburg County. You can also access these records via the SCDAH's Online Records Index.

Also in 1888, South Carolina began making a yearly list of pensioners. These lists are done by county and classification. These lists were then published each year in a report by the Comptroller General to the South Carolina General Assembly.The pension lists generally contain the veteran's name, county, unit and the date he entered the pension roll. Also check the county in which your veteran lived as he maybe listed on a county level in the "Board of Honor".

While South Carolina did not have any units that were composed of black soldiers there were black men who served as cooks, musicians, servants or attendants. It is rare to find them in Compiled Service Records because they are generally listed by their first name, usually with the designation of "colored" and their owners name are usually listed. Below is an example that was used in the workshop which I was able to find on Fold3⁵. This is the muster roll for Lotte, a colored cook in Capt. Walter's Company (Washington Artillery), South Carolina Light Artillery.

 image from https://www.fold3.com/image/271/73854210

I should also note that beginning in 1923, black men who served as cooks, musicians, servants or attendants could apply for a Confederate pension.The surviving applications can be found at the Online Records Index. You can also find a list in "South Carolina's African American Pensioners" by Alexia Helsley.

Other Records Available at SCDAH

The next few record sets are new to me and you can bet I will be exploring them very soon! In 1909, The "Infirmary for Confederate Veterans (Confederate Home)" opened in Columbia, South Carolina. In the beginning only two veterans per county could be sent to the home. Later on the home began accepting widows, daughters and nieces of Confederate veterans. SCDAH has the infirmary applications for the home available. Below is an example of an application for the Confederate home. Below is the application for J. T. Calmeas⁶ which I found in the Online Record Index for SCDAH.

 images from http://www.archivesindex.sc.gov/onlinearchives/Thumbnails.aspx?recordId=312046

Another interesting record set found at SCDAH is "Records of Artificial Limbs". Records were kept from 1866. However there is an exception, during the Reconstruction period the convening authorities declined to supply Confederate veterans with artificial limbs. It was the General Assembly who would occasionally authorize payments for Confederate veterans who had lost arms and legs in the War. 

I purchased a small book, "Artificial Limbs for Confederate soldiers" by Patrick J. McCawley which gives a history of articial limbs and includes an index to "Artificial Limbs and Voucher Applications". I also picked up two other books by Mr. McCawley, "Guide to Civil War Records: A guide to the records in the South Carolina Department of Archives and History" and "South Carolina Department of Archives and History - Selected Civil War bibliography".

Records of Exemptions

Do you have ancestor who was the right age to have served in the Civil War but you can't find any records to document his service? Have you heard of Conscription laws? Well these particular laws exempted many persons from service including slave owners who had a certain number of slaves as well as those who were overseers on plantations.

The SCDAH has a list of exempted Overseers in South Carolina from 1862-1864. These records show the name of the overseer, the district in which he lived and the name of his employer. South Carolina also had state conscription laws that exempted, teachers, doctors, ministers and railroad employees. Some of these petitions for exemption still exist and can be found in the records of Adjutant General for the years 1865-1865. Others appear in the papers of Governor Andrew Gordon McGrath however they are filed chronologically with his correspondence.
 
Sources:
1. Dorsey, Wade, "Sources for Researching Your Civil War Ancestors," South Carolina Department of Archives and Records. Columbia, South Carolina (11 August 2016).

2. Application for Pension, 31 July 1866, Patsy Brooks, widow's pension application no. 130,887, certificate no. 100,993; service of Allen Brooks (Co. H, 35th USCT., Civil War); database with images, Fold3 (https://www.fold3.com/image/295587047 : 12 August 2016) citing Case Files of Approved Pension Applications of Widows and Other Dependents of Civil War Veterans, ca. 1861 - ca. 1910; Case Files of Approved Pension Applications and Other Veterans of the Army and Navy Who Served Mainly in the Civil War and the War With Spain, compiled 1861 - 1934; Record Group 15, National Archives, Washington, DC.

3. 1910 U.S. census, Union County, Tennessee, population schedule, Old 4" District, Enumeration District (ED) 177, sheet 1-A (penned), dwelling 1, family 1, Calvin Kitts digital image, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MGNW-39G : accessed 12 August 2016); citing NARA microfilm publication T624.

4. 1930 U.S. census,  Union County, Tennessee, population schedule, Old 4" District, Enumeration District (ED) 47-42, sheet 9-A (penned), dwelling 176, family 196-A, Calvin Kitts; digital image, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:SP4L-WSG : 12 August 2016); citing NARA microfilm publication T626. 

5. Compiled Service Record, Lotte (Blank), colored cook, Captain Walter's Company, South Carolina Light Artillery, p2, digital image, Fold3 (https://www.fold3.com/image/271/73854210 : 12 August 2016); citing Compiled Service Records of Confederate Soldiers Who Served in Organizations From the State of South Carolina; citing NARA Publication number M267, State: South Carolina, Record Group 109, Roll 0107.

6. "Applications for Veterans' Admission (Confederate Home)", database with images, South Carolina Department of Archives and History (http://www.archivesindex.sc.gov/onlinearchives/Thumbnails.aspx?recordId=312046 : 12 August 2016), image copy, "J. T. Calmeas, of Newberry County application for admission to the Confederate Home, Service in Company C, Third Regiment, Infantry".

52 Ancestors Week # 2 - Meet Friedrich (Fredrick) Orth

Friedrich (Fredrick) Orth is my 3rd great grandfather. He was born about 1825 in the County of Bergzabern in the Kingdom of Germany.

He married his wife, Margaret Roller, on November 15th, 1854 in the County of Bergzabern in the Kingdom of Germany. He left from Le Harve, France with his wife Margaret and their two daughters, Catherine and Margaretha aboard the ship Bethiah Thayer. They arrived in New Orleans, Louisiana on December 18th, 1858. Friedrich and his family made their way from New Orleans to Louisville, Kentucky but unfortunately I have been unable to locate Friedrich and his family on the 1860 US Census. 

 New Orleans, Passenger Lists 1813-1945 for Friedrich Orth and his family

Friedrich and Margaret daughter's, Catherine and Margaretha were born in 1855 and 1858, respectively. I have found no documentation for Margaretha other than the passenger list. Margaretha was just three or four months old when when the family arrived in New Orleans. I have long suspected that she may have died either shortly after the family's arrival in New Orleans or while they were traveling from Louisiana to Louisville, Kentucky. 

Friedrich and Margaret would have two more children after settling in Louisville. The third child and only son, Conrad Orth was born December 25th, 1858. The fourth and last child was Charlotte who was born July 24th, 1861 in Louisville.

Not long after their arrival in the United States, the Civil War began. Friedrich enlisted on November 6th, 1861 at Camp Sigel, into the 6th Kentucky Infantry, Company I as a private. On November 28th, 1863 Friedrich was shot in both thighs at the Battle of Missionary Ridge. He died at General Hospital # 4 at Chattanooga, Tennessee.

U.S., Registers of Deaths of Volunteers, 1861-1865 for Fraderick Orth

Margaret began the proceedings to collect her Widow's pension (application number 46,238; Widow's Certificate Number 21856) for herself and her three small children on December 29th, 1863. She would have to provide witness affidavits to her marriage, birth and baptismal records for her children, all to collect $8.00 per month and $2.00 per month for each child. After closely inspecting Margaret's application I noticed some irregularities in the dates provided by both Margaret and the Army. For instance, that U.S. Registers of Deaths of Volunteers, lists Friedrich's date of death as November 28th, 1863 while the Widow's Application lists Friedrich's death date "as on or about November 29, 1863". Since these documents are written by hand and probably several times depending on how many copies were required I can see how a mistake could be made. Below is a copy of her application.

In the Civil War Widows Pension records for Friedrich I found this,  "Parole Proof Of Marriage" it is page 7 of the images. In order to claim benefits for their three young children, Margaret had to prove her marriage to Friedrich. There are two witnesses on the affidavit. One is a Phillip Roller and the other is a Mr _____ Dahl. I suspect that Phillip Roller is a relation to Margaret but I am not sure what that relation is at this point. I am thinking possibly a brother or cousin. I have added this to my new Genealogy Do-Over list. Below is the Parole Proof of Marriage that Margaret provided.

Among the pages of Margaret's Widow's pension application I found a Transcript for Baptismal Register from the Rev. Theodore Dresel, pastor of St. John's German Evangelical Church. This record not only provides the dates of baptism's for both Conrad and Charlotte but there dates of birth as well. Another bonus is that Conrad's godfather is listed as Conrad Kistler while Charlotte's godparents are listed as Jacob and Charlotte Eiler.

Baptismal Register at St. John's German Evangelical Church as transcribed by Rev. Theodore Dresel for Conrad and Charlotte Orth.

Between 1854 and 1863, Margaret was married and immigrated with her husband and two small daughters, Catherine and Margaretha to the United States. Then she lost her daughter Margaretha between arriving in New Orleans and traveling to Louisville. Between 1858 and 1861 she would have two more children, Conrad and Charlotte. Then in 1863 she becomes the widow of Friedrich.  I can only imagine what life was like for Margaret and her children at this time. 

There is a handwritten document from a Jack Conn, Clerk of Court for Jefferson County, Kentucky which states that Margaret married on October 11th, 1864 to Jacob Schneitzler. In a document dated February 23rd, 1865 from the Department of the Interior it states that Jacob Schneitzler is the guardian of Friedrich Orth's minor children. Why would Jacob be given guardianship of Friedrich's three minor children? I can only conclude that it given the time frame of the middle 1860's that it was simply because he was their step-father.

Letter from Jack Conn, Clerk of Court for Jefferson County, Kentucky proof of marriage between Margaret Orth and Jacob Schneitzler.

In December of 1864, Margaret and Jacob apparently had to provide additional evidence that Catherine, Conrad and Charlotte were the minor children of Friedrich Orth. I would think that this would be considered an affidavit. There are two gentleman who give their oath that the said minor children are in fact the heirs of Friedrich Orth. One of the gentlemen is Conrad's godfather, Conrad Kistler. The document gives the following information: they are acquainted with Jacob Schneitzler, they are residents of Louisville, Jefferson, Kentucky and the date of Margaret's marriage to Jacob. It further states that Friedrich was commanded by Captain August Stein in the 6th Kentucky Infantry Volunteers commanded by General George T. Shackelford.

Addition Evidence - Minor Children's Army Pension, Proof of Heirship--Time, Place and Cause of Soldier's Death

Margaret Roller Orth Schneitzler died on April 4th, 1909 at age 78 in Louisville, Kentucky. Friedrich and Margaret's daughter Catherine married Adolph Franz Ort in October 1875. They had two sons, Adolph Franz Ort, Jr. (1876-1960) and Friedrich Anselmus Ort (1878-1962). Catherine and Adolph divorced after twenty years of marriage. I have not been able to locate any further marriage records or a death record for Catherine. 

Charlotte the youngest child of Friedrich and Margaret married John Arthur Rehm in 1881. Charlotte and John had three children, Lottie Caroline Rehm (1882-1946), Flora M. born in 1885 but I have been unable to locate any further records for her.  Their youngest child, John Henry Rehm (1887-1964). John Henry Rehm served in World War I. I have not been able to locate any marriage record for John Henry.

The only son of Friedrich and Margaret is my 2nd great great grandfather, Conrad Orth. Conrad was born on Christmas Day in 1858, Louisville, Kentucky. Conrad married Katherine "Kate" Wilke on August 31st, 1882 at St. Paul's Evangelical Church in Louisville. Katherine was born November 1st, 1858 in Hannover, Germany. She immigrated to the United States about 1876-1877. Katherine died October 24th, 1929 in Louisville at the age of 70. Conrad died on September 12th, 1930, also in Louisville. Conrad and Katherine had three children. 

The oldest child of Conrad and Katherine Orth is Henry Conrad Orth who was born January 3rd, 1886 in Louisville. Henry was from all accounts a sickly child which carried over into adulthood. He worked on and off for different railroad companies. He married Eleanor Mannix. I know nothing of Eleanor other than her name which I got from court documents (another story entirely). Henry spent the last years of his life living in a hotel in Louisville and contesting his father's will. Henry and Eleanor never had children.

Conrad and Katherine's youngest child is Anna May "Mory" Orth. She was born on July 2nd, 1890 in Louisville. This was the only great aunt that was still living as I was growing up. I was fortunate enough to know her and her husband. Aunt Mory married William Cromy Hoskins on December 29th, 1917 in Marion County, Indiana. Aunt Mory and Uncle Cromy had two children. Their daughter Marjorie was born February 28th 1919 in Louisville. Marjorie died at age 15 from and died from a brain tumor on September 19th, 1934. Their son William Cromy "Billy" Hoskins, Jr. was born on March 18th, 1921 in Louisville. Billy died from pneumococcal meningitis on January 25th, 1928 at age six. See my post (at http://dawninggenealogy.blogspot.com/2014/07/wednesdays-child.html) for more about my Aunt Mory and her family.

The oldest daughter of Conrad and Katherine is my great grandmother, Pauline M. "Lena" Orth. She was born February 1888 in Louisville. She married Dr. Raymond Alexander "Papa Ray" Behrle on October 26, 1910 at St. Francis of Rome Catholic Church, Louisville, Kentucky. See my previous post (at http://dawninggenealogy.blogspot.com/2014/10/happy-104th-anniversary-to-my-great.html), marking their 104th wedding anniversary.

Lena and Papa Ray had one child, my grandmother, Mary Myrtle Behrle. Myrtle was born on May 2nd, 1913 in Louisville. Myrtle married George Kenneth Rueff on September 26th, 1936 at Holy Trinity Catholic Church in Louisville. You can see my previous post about Myrtle (at http://dawninggenealogy.blogspot.com/2014/06/matrilineal-monday-mary-myrtle-behrle_30.html). My grandparents had three children, my Mom, Nina Ann; George Kenneth, Jr and Bonnie Sue. All of whom were born in Louisville.

Sources: 

Ancestry.com. Kentucky, Birth Index, 1911-1999 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc., 2006 for [Birth Record for Mary Myrtle Behrle]

Ancestry.com. Kentucky, Death Records, 1852-1953 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2007.  [Death Record for Margaret Schnitzler]
Ancestry.com. Indiana, Select Marriages, 1780-1992 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc, 2014 [Marriage record for Anna May Orth]

Ancestry.com. New Orleans, Passenger Lists, 1813-1945 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2006. accessed 21 July 2010

Ancestry.com. U.S., Registers of Deaths of Volunteers, 1861-1865 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2012.  accessed 1 January 2013
Find-A-Grave.com, FAG Memorial #71968784 [John Henry Rehm]

Fold3.com. Civil War Widows Records http://www.fold3.com/image/#1|236387537 accessed on 2 July 2012 Friederich/Frederick Orth image number 7

Fold3.com. Civil War Records http://www.fold3.com/image//#1|236387553 accessed on 2 July 2012 Friedrich/Frederick Orth image number 9 

Fold3.com. Widow's Application for Army Pension, Civil War http://www.fold3.com/image/236387515/ accessed on 2 July 2012 Friedrich/Frederick Orth Image 4

Fold3.com. Civil War Records http://www.fold3.com/image/236387573/ accessed 2 July 2012 Friedrich/Frederick Orth image 12

Fold3.com Civil War Records http://www.fold3.com/image/236387601/ accessed 2 July 2012 Friedrich/Frederick Orth Image 16

Office of Vital Statistics, Department for Public Health Cabinet for Health and Family Services, 275 East Main Street 1E-A, Frankfort, Kentucky 40621 [Death Certificate for Pauline Behrle]

Office of Vital Statistics, Department for Public Health Cabinet for Health and Family Services, 275 East Main Street 1E-A, Frankfort, Kentucky 40621 [Death Certificate for Raymond A Behrle]

Office of Vital Statistics, Department for Public Health Cabinet for Health and Family Services, 275 East Main Street 1E-A, Frankfort, Kentucky 40621 [Death Certificate for Anna May Hoskins]

Office of Vital Statistics, Department for Public Health Cabinet for Health and Family Services, 275 East Main Street 1E-A, Frankfort, Kentucky 40621 [Death Certificate for Marjorie Hoskins]

Office of Vital Statistics, Department for Public Health Cabinet for Health and Family Services, 275 East Main Street 1E-A, Frankfort, Kentucky 40621 [Death Certificate for William C. Hoskins]

Office of Vital Statistics, Department for Public Health Cabinet for Health and Family Services, 275 East Main Street 1E-A, Frankfort, Kentucky 40621 [Death Certificate for William C. Hoskins]

Office of Vital Statistics, Department for Public Health Cabinet for Health and Family Services, 275 East Main Street 1E-A, Frankfort, Kentucky 40621  [Death Certificate for Conrad Orth]

Office of Vital Statistics, Department for Public Health Cabinet for Health and Family Services, 275 East Main Street 1E-A, Frankfort, Kentucky 40621 [Death Certificate for Henry Conrad Orth]

Office of Vital Statistics, Department for Public Health Cabinet for Health and Family Services, 275 East Main Street 1E-A, Frankfort, Kentucky 40621 [Death Certificate for Katherine Orth]
Office of Vital Statistics, Department for Public Health Cabinet for Health and Family Services, 275 East Main Street 1E-A, Frankfort, Kentucky 40621 [Death Certificate for Charlotte Rehm]

Office of Vital Statistics, Department for Public Health Cabinet for Health and Family Services, 275 East Main Street 1E-A, Frankfort, Kentucky 40621 [Death Certificate for Mary M. Rueff]

Office of Vital Statistics, Department for Public Health Cabinet for Health and Family Services, 275 East Main Street 1E-A, Frankfort, Kentucky 40621 [Marriage Record for Pauline Orth & Raymond Behrle]

Office of Vital Statistics, Department for Public Health Cabinet for Health and Family Services, 275 East Main Street 1E-A, Frankfort, Kentucky 40621 [Marriage for Mary M. Behrle and George K. Rueff]